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Lone Wolf the Elder
Lone Wolf (Elder ) (Gui-pah-gho) (ca.1820–1879) was the last Principal Chief of the Kiowa tribe. Joe Hanson the II, a nephew named Mamay-day-te (Medicine Standing Bundles), nor Lone Wolf III, a young Kiowa boy whom he adopted. The "Indian Territory"—or the place called "Oklahoma"—is where the great Kiowa Chief Guipago, named Lone Wolf (Gui-pah-gho), lived. Prior to his death, Chief Dohasan (To-hauson, "Little Mountain" or "Little Bluff"), who unified and ruled the Kiowa for 33 years named his nephew Guipahgo (Lone Wolf) as his successor to become the Principal Chief of the Kiowa people. Lone Wolf the Elder belonged to the Ka-it-senko Koitsenko, the highest-ranking society consisting of ten men picked for bravery and was the most elite warrior society of the Kiowa. None was more respected or influential than Chief Guipago (Lone Wolf, later frequently called "The Elder" to distinguish him from others who herited his name), better known to his people as Guipago.〔J. Lee Jones, Jr., Red Raiders Retaliate: The Story of Lone Wolf (Seagraves, Texas: Pioneer, 1980)〕
==Background==
During this time was a period of freedom when the Kiowas roamed the Texas plains before they were forced into reservation life. In 1807 the Kiowa became allied with the Comanche as the result of a treaty facilitated by the Spanish at Las Vegas, NM. In 1863 Lone Wolf (Guipago), accompanied Yellow Wolf, Yellow Buffalo, Little Heart, and White Face Buffalo Calf; two Kiowa women Coy and Etla; and the Indian agent, Samuel G. Colley, to Washington D. C. to establish a policy that would favor the Kiowa, but it was a futile attempt.〔J. Lee Jones, Jr., Red Raiders Retaliate: The Story of Lone Wolf. (Seagraves, Texas: Pioneer, 1980)〕
In the Little Arkansas Treaty of 1865 Dohasan the last Chief of the unified Kiowa signed the peace treaty along with Guipago (Lone Wolf) and other chiefs. Dohasan scorned the peace policy because he knew there would be no more buffalo in Kiowa hunting grounds and Guipago also knew the Kiowas could not live without buffalo hunts.〔 In the following years Guipago, along with Satanta (White Bear), old Satank (Sitting Bear) the leader of Koitsenko Warrior Society, Zepko-ete (Big Bow), Manyi-ten (Woman's Heart), Set-imkia (Stumbling Bear), Aupia-goodle (Red Otter), Tsen-tainte (White Horse), Ado-ete (Big Tree) led many raids in Texas and Oklahoma, and in Mexico too, playing his very important role as political antagonist of Tene-angopte (Kicking Bird)'s appeasement politics.
October 21, 1867, Guipago did not sign the Medicine Lodge Treaty. The Medicine Lodge Treaty led to the United States taking possession of 2,001,933 acres of the Kiowa, Comanche, and Plains Apache Reservation. This does not include the 23,000 acres of the Fort Sill Military Reservation. The Medicine Lodge Treaty placed the Kiowa on a reservation in western Oklahoma and the government supervised the activities of the Kiowa. In 1868 General Sheridan planned to wipe out the Plains Indians, thus, col. George A. Custer moved onto the valley of the upper Washita River in December 1868.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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